不同的讽刺笔法,让作品具有多姿多彩的艺术风格。请结合具体语段说说《儒林外史》讽刺手法的运用。(4分)
语段一: “......不瞒二位先生说,此五省读书的人,家家隆重的是小弟,都在书案上,香火蜡烛,供着“先儒匡子之神位'。”牛布衣笑道:“先生,你此言误矣!所谓“先儒'者,乃已经去世之儒者,今先生尚在,何得如此称呼?”匡超人红着脸道:“不然!所谓“先儒'者,乃先生之谓也!”牛布衣见他如此说,也不和他辩。
语段二: 席上燕窝、鸡、鸭,此外就是广东出的柔鱼、苦瓜,也做两碗。知县安了席坐下,用的都是银镶杯箸。范进退前缩后的不举杯箸,知县不解其故。静斋笑道:“世先生因遵制,想是不用这个杯箸。”知县忙叫换去,换了一个磁杯,一双象箸来,范进又不肯举。······知县疑惑他居丧如此尽礼,倘或不用荤酒,却是不曾备办。落后看见他在燕窝碗里拣了一个大虾元子送在嘴里,
语段三: 牛玉圃道:“只为我的名声太大了,一到京,住在承恩寺,就有许多人来求,也有送斗方来的,也有送扇子来的,也有送册页来的,都要我写字、做诗;还有那分了题,限了韵来要求教的。昼日昼夜,打发不清。才打发清了,国公府里徐二公子,不知怎么就知道小弟到了,一回两回打发管家来请。他那管家都是锦衣卫指挥,五品的前程.....”
①匡超人由年少时的心地善良,事亲孝顺、淳朴可爱,到后来卷入一帮无法取得功名的假名士之中,渐渐变成了寡情薄义,虚伪之人,文段中匡超人不识“先儒”酿成笑话,抨击封建社会科举制度,讽刺那些装作有文化,不懂装懂的读书人。
②范进中举之后,去知县家做客,表面是要为母亲守孝,不得沾荤腥,实则“拣了一个大虾元子送在嘴里”。揭露当时社会道德风气的败坏,讽刺了如范进一样的读书人的虚伪。
③牛浦郞在一个偶然的机会得到了当时已经逝世的一位诗人牛布衣的诗集,就动了歪心思,摇身一变成了著名诗人,开始插科打诨的行骗之路,揭露当时社会骗人风气的败坏,讽刺社会上读书人的不学无术。
Dogs are the best pets of humans. They come in all sizes. Some dogs are as small as a football, and others are as tall as a desk. Dogs’ fur (毛) is different, too. It can be long and soft, or smooth and hard. People don’t mind the kind of fur, because all dogs are good to hug.
请在字典中查一下这个词。
我喜欢甜食, 你知道的。
去年, 彼得在旅途中和许多人交了朋友。
我叫托尼· 史密斯, 史密斯是我的姓。
我们在课上回答问题时应该起立
Tea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world. However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses.
People in the office usually sit for most of the day when they work. But this is bad for a person’s health. When people sit for too long every day, they don’t move very much. So it is easy to start getting fat. Sitting too long is also bad for their work because it makes them want to sleep. When this happens, people may make more mistakes in their work or spend more time finishing their work. Companies need workers to be healthy, so how do they fix the problem?