2021大学英语四级历年真题

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1 问答题 2分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on are people becoming addicted to technology. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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正确答案：

【参考范文】

Nowadays, we are witnessing a surge in technology in all aspects. People’s views vary greatly on whether this trend are causing people’s addiction. In my point of view, being immersed in a sea of technology will definitely harm people’s life, even make them become addicted.

For one thing, despite the fact that some technologies, are invented to help people, many of them are made to attract people’s attention and make profit. Unaware of this, one would easily get trapped in the world of technology, like computer technology, and lose himself. For another, since most of us are living in a highly digitalized society, few can escape from the influence of their friends and families who are already addicts to technology.

All in all, without strict government restriction and proper guidance on computer technology, people are exposed to the risk of being addicted. It is also necessary for everyone to resist this temptation and maintain good self-discipline.

本题解析：

【参考译文】

如今，我们正目睹科技在各个方面的飞速发展。对于这种趋势是否会导致人们上瘾，人们的看法大相径庭。在我看来，沉浸在技术的海洋中肯定会伤害人们的生活，甚至使他们上瘾。

一方面，尽管有些技术是为了帮助人们而发明的，但其中许多技术是为了吸引人们的注意力和盈利。没有意识到这一点，一个人很容易陷入科技、尤其是电脑科技的世界中，迷失自我。另一方面，由于我们大多数人生活在一个高度数字化的社会，很少有人能够摆脱他们已经沉迷于科技的朋友和家人的影响。

总而言之，如果没有政府的严格限制和对于科技的适当指导，人们将面临上瘾的危险。每个人都必须抵制这种诱惑，保持良好的自律。

2 问答题 2分

A) Getting around a city is one thing -- and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses "rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale."

B) "The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century -- and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air," Kasarda says.Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years."From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness," says Kasada. "The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport."

C) Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an "international business district" doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. "I am a visionary," he says.Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.

D) Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea."Gangnam Style" refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo."I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo," says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice."

E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out.Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated.A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven -- all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years.Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great.And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city -- more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. "It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work," says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering glass towers line the canal’s edge.

G) "What's happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here," he says. "There needs to be strong economic incentives."The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.

H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow."I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace," says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights."But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.

I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated, too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, "like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate."But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.

J) Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up -- about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied.Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. "There have been a lot of utopian cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely."In other words, when it comes to cities -- or anything else -- it is hard to predict the future.

36. Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.

37. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.

38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.

39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.

40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.

41. Songdo has ended up diferent from the city it was supposed to be.

42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.

43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.

44. According to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresce what will happen in the future.

45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connction with the city.

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正确答案：

36.F

37.I

38.D

39.G

40.B

41.E

42.H

43.A

44.J

45.C

本题解析：暂无解析

3 问答题 2分

鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。

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Fish is indispensable at the dining table on the eve of Spring Festival, since the pronunciation of "fish" and "surplus" are identical to each other in Chinese. With this symbolic meaning, fish is also given as a gift to relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish originated from traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese people have a tradition of thrift, believing that the more they save, the securer they will feel. Nowadays, although people become richer, thrift is still regarded as a virtue worth promoting.

本题解析：

1、鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。

第一句包含两个小分句，后半句“因为”二字表明了两个分句的逻辑关系，可用“because”或“since”表示原因，从而顺势翻译两小句。词汇方面“前夕”、“不可或缺”和“余”可能对某些考生来说稍有难度，但若注重四级词汇的积累则不是难点。

Fish is indispensable at the dining table on the eve of Spring Festival, since the pronunciation of "fish" and "surplus" are identical to each other in Chinese.

2、正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。

第二句包括两小分句，前一小句“正是由于”表明分句间前因后果的逻辑关系，可以用“It is for the reason that…”句式，也可以用介词with表述;同时后一分句考察被动语态的用法。

With this symbolic meaning, fish is also given as a gift to relatives and friends during the Spring Festival.

3、鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。

第三句“据说”可译为被动语态句型“It is said that…”句式，“that”从句后接真正的主语。主语是“鱼的象征意义”，动词是“源于”，顺句翻译出来即可。词汇方面“源于”可译为originate from…或derive from均可。

It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish originated from traditional Chinese culture.

4、中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。

第四句包含三小分句，但因主语皆为“中国人”，因此可以用“and”或者用现在分词的形式连接句子，化零为整。同时考察了“愈…愈…”的比较级句式表达;词汇方面“节省”可译为“frugality”或“thrift”均可。

The Chinese people have a tradition of thrift, believing that the more they save, the securer they will feel.

5、今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。

第五句包含两小分句，“尽管”表明了句式的逻辑关系，考察了由“although”连接的让步状语从句的用法，后一分句可顺势翻译为人做主语的简单句，也可译为以“节省”为主语的被动句。

Nowadays, although people become richer, thrift is still regarded as a virtue worth promoting.

4 问答题 2分

The fifth largest city in US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

Philadelphil's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with adder sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages — including low —and no-calorie choices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."

An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax".

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushed a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. "indeed, we are already hearing from some of t

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正确答案：

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.B

50.A

本题解析：暂无解析

5 问答题 2分

中国，地球上最吸引人的国家之一，有5000多年的历史，是目前全球第二大经济体(the second largest economy)。随着广泛的经济改革，中国正经历着显著、快速的变化。1949年以前的中国极端贫困、收入不平衡(incomeinequalities)、国家不安全。由于经济改革，从1980年开始，人民的生活水平开始提升至基本水平之上。全国人口有了足够的食物、衣服和住房，普通家庭可以吃得起各种各样的食物，穿得上时尚的衣服。

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正确答案：

China, one of the most fascinating countries on Earth, has a history of more than 5,000 years and is currently the second largest economy in the world.China is going through a remarkable and rapid change with widespread economic reforms.Before 1949, China was characterized by extreme poverty, income inequalities, and insecurity.Since 1980，thanks to the economic reforms, people's standard of living started to climb beyond the basic level.The general population had adequate food, clothing, and housing, and ordinary families could afford to eat a variety of foods and wear stylish clothing.

本题解析：

全球第二大经济体：the second largest economy

收入不平衡：incomeinequalities

6 问答题 2分

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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正确答案：

Hello Tom,

I'm pretty excited to hear that you are going to pursue a postgraduate degree in economics in China. If you are still uncertain about which college to apply to, why not go to Renmin University of China (RUC)?

I recommend it mainly because of its academic reputation. Today, it is widely recognized for its strengths in the fields of humanities and social sciences.

The School of Economics often invites distinguished scholars at home and abroad to academic forums or seminars. You will definitely gain new insights into various economic issues by attending them as a student. Another striking feature of this university is its vibrant campus life, as evidenced by activities such as Fun Sports Games, school orienteering competitions and the annual International Culture Festival. You will find them all highly enjoyable. Moreover, RUC is conveniently situated close to bus stops and subway stations, so you can spend your spare time exploring the city of Beiing.

Of course, it's totally up to you. Let me know if you make a final decision. Anyway, welcome to China.

Yours,

Zhang Lei

本题解析：暂无解析