2020年中国农业银行招聘考试真题精选

已知甲乙两地相距2600公里，-架无人机先是以每小时250公里的平均速度飞行了一段距离，然后又加速至300公里每小时飞完剩余的路程，共计用9个小时，则以250公里/小时、300 公里/小时两种不同速度飞行距离的比值是(“)。

-批零件加工任务，甲单独做需要15天，每天的费用是1000元，乙单独做需要20天，每天的费用是1500元。现在，先让甲单独做8天，然后乙加入，两人一起合作，直到完成任务。那么，这次任务完成后花费是( )。

某社区130名老人中，32人喜欢书法和画画，36人喜欢书法和二胡，17人喜欢画画和二胡，其中有一些老人三种都喜欢，而也有一部分人只喜欢其中-种。某次比赛要求报名者至少会上述技艺中的两种，则最多有( )名人可以报名。

某商店以每件100元的价格购进甲乙两种商品共1000件出售,甲商品的价格先在原价的基础_上下调10%然后再在新价的基础上。上调10%，乙商品则相反，先涨价10%，再降价10%，则1000件甲乙商品现在的总价是( ) 元。

某公司的员工聚餐，如果7个人坐一桌，则正好每桌人数相等。如果8个人坐一桌，最后会多出来3个人，如果9个人坐- -桌，也会多出来3个人。则公司员工最少有( )人。

一艘船沿河顺流而下，以时速20千米的速度从甲地前往乙地，一共花了7个小时。已知水流速度不变，甲乙两地相距210千米。从乙地返回甲地时，船速翻了一番，则到达乙地需要多长时间? ( )

有甲乙丙三个工程队参加清理一条河道的任务，已知他们单独完成清理任务的工作时间之比为4:5:8，若甲乙两个工程队先合作工作4天，剩下的工程量是总量的十分之一，剩下部分由丙队单独完成，则丙需要再做( ) 天才能完成。(注:结果若有小数，请四舍五入，保留整数位。)

李大妈购买了1万元的两年期储蓄债券，4万元的3年期储蓄债券，这两种债券每年产生的利息都不再计入本金。结果发现，2年期债券的平均年收益率比3年期的少2个百分点，3年期债券的总收益是2年期的8倍，则2年期债券的总收益是多少元? ( )

小李组织的欧洲旅行团收费情况如下:个人签证费若干元，大巴租车费1042元/人，飞机票2158元/人，住宿费6125元/人，其他费用1000元人，此外再无其他费用。成团后，总计本次旅行团的总费用是136675元，人均费用是12425 元，则本次旅行团一共( ) 入，签证费是(0元。

厂家推出一-款洗衣机，按照1.6万的价格销售，利润是售价的四分之一。因为市场变化，现在将利润降至新售价的五分之- -，则新售价是多少万元? ( )

文具店的笔记本最近搞活动:凡是一次性购买笔记本超过10本的，超出部分按零售价的8折收费，不超过10本的部分按零售价收费。已知小明买15本笔记本花了70元，买18本需要( )元。

学校体育教研室购买5个篮球、4个足球和5个排球，共花去633元，若是购买2个篮球1个足球和2个排球，花费是219元，则要购买4个篮球、4个足球和4个排球，一共需要( )元。

根据规律，填入问号处正确的图形是( )。

观察数列的变化规律，然后为空缺处选出正确的数: 7、17、27、 47、 107、 ( )

观察数列的变化规律，然后为空缺处选出正确的数:12、23. 47. 93、187. ( )。

珠宝店丢了一枚金戒指，店主怀疑是甲乙丙丁四个店员中某些人干的。隔离询问时，甲:“不是我偷的。”乙说:“是丁偷的。”丙说:“是乙偷的。”丁说:“我肯定没偷。"最后证实四个人中只有一个人说了真话。由此可知( )。

甲乙丙三人的情况是: -个喜欢唱歌，一个喜欢画画，一个喜欢弹吉他，丙的年龄比喜欢弹古他的大，甲和喜欢画画的不同岁，喜欢画画的人的年龄比乙小，由此可知，以下可推出的是()。

公司研发部的调查后发现:.

一个人来自广东省:

有两个南方人:

一个，人来自陕西省:

有两个人都来自北京大学:

有三个人都是学计算机的:

研发部-共有8个人。

以下各选项为真，其中，削弱题千调查结果的-项是( )。

这里有五名教师，两名是语文老师，两名是数学老师，一名是物理老师，五人中有女士两人，且她们授课的学生不同。由此可知，以下一定为真的是( )。

考试结束后，甲说:“这次考试太难了，拿高分没希望! "乙说:“估计咱们班同学的成绩都能高过90分。“老师说:“甲你说的没错，但乙你就说错了。”根据老师的话，以下结论- -定正确的是( )。

观察规律，填入间号处正确的图形是( )。

841 X846+124X54-241 X876+184X415-451X241= ( )

一个正整数天数内，某水库的放水记录显示:有7天要么是上午没放水，要么是下午没放水，有5天是下午放水，有6天是上午放水。已知，当下午没放水时，上午一定放水了，则考察期的天数是( )天。

校运会跳高、跳远、百米跨栏三个项目共有68名同学报名参加，其中报名跳高的有24人，跳远的有29人，百米跨栏的有35人，已知有2个人三个项目都报名了，则只参加了一个项目的学生有( )人。

桌子上有数字标签四个，数字分别是2、5、8和9,用这个数字标签随意摆放，组成一个四位数， 将每一个四位数记录下来，按照从小到大的顺序排列，则排在第8位的四位数是()。

某智力比赛上，对选手得分的要求是，答对一题得5分，答错- -题扣2分，不答的得0分。一共有30道题目，小明最终得了103分，则他答错的题目最多有多少道? ( )

甲乙丙三人站成一条直线， 现在，又加进来两个人，如果队伍里甲乙丙的相对位置保持不变，那么，一共有( ) 种站法。

农业发展银行的企业愿景是( ).

2019年10月18日中国农业发展银行( ) 上线，是农发行紧跟金融科技发展趋势，顺应现代银行变革潮流，着力打造现代农业政策性银行的重大战略部署，是全行改革发展的标志性工程。

中国农业发展银行的企业精神是尽职、务实、创新、(" )。 .

中国农业发展银行成立于1994年，注册资本570亿元，目前全系统共有( ).

中国农业发展银行坚持实施“一二三四五六”总体发展战略，其中“第一要务”为( )。

2019年9月3日中国农业发展银行以公开招标方式，率先面向全球投资者成功发行50亿元金融债券，这也使农发行成为在上海清算所同-窗口一次发行( ) 两支主题债券的首家银行业金融机构。日

美国联邦储备委员会2019年10月11日宣布，将9月以来实施的回购计划延长至明年1月，并购入()以扩张()，增加金融市场的美元供应量。

2019年10月24日,历时3年建设的亚洲基础设施投资银行总部大楼暨亚洲金融大厦24日竣工，这也是首个由( ) 倡议设立的多边金融机构总部大楼落户( )。

2019年10月8日起，房贷利率开始由此前的参考贷款基准利率转变为参考贷款市场报价利率(LPR)定价。在定价基准转换的过程中，除个别热点城市外，各省市只进行利率定价机制切换，定价基准切换前后全国个人住房贷款实际利率水平()。

我国法定数字 货币的研发在5年前起步，人民银行召开2019年下半年工作电视会议要求，要加快推进我国( ) 研发步伐，跟踪研究国内外虚拟货币发展趋势，继续加强互联网金融风险整治。

2019年10月24日世界银行正式发布《全球营商环境报告2020》。报告显示，我国营商环境排名跃居世界第( ) 位，比去年提升15位。我国已连续两年被世界银行评选为全球营商环境改善幅度最大10个经济体之一。

所有微观经济分析的基本前提是( )。

下列哪一种不是解释货币本质的学说? ()

下列没有提出任何消费理论的是()。

IS与LM曲线将坐标系分为了四个部分(上下左右)，右边区域代表着( )。

下列关于社会必要劳动时间说法正确的是( )。

新凯恩斯主义学派的创造性贡献是()。

下面哪个理由不能说明“劳动二重性是理解政治经济学的枢纽”?()

是保证金触体系健全的哪一种监管?

从交易费用的角度来看，导致企业纵向一体化的交易因素是( )。

在两部门经济中，若在其他因素保持不变的情况下，自发投资支出增加，会使IS曲线()。

生产的第一阶段，边际成本MP和平均成本AP的关系是( )。

“一鸟在手”理论认为大部分投资者都是风险厌恶者，这一理论支持公司应实行怎样的股利政策()。

美国主要的金融中介机构可分为三种类型，以下不是三种类型之一的是 ( )

下列哪种曲线表明企业在短期内更换总经理不利? ()

简化的多倍存款创造模型中，支票存款增加的倍数与法定准备金率的关系是?

1933年美国通过的( ) 使商业银行与投资银行彻底分开，商业银行不准持有企业股票，限制了银行业的发展。

根据费雪交易方程式，若--定时期内流通货币的平均数量为M,货币流通速度为V,各类商品的交易数量为T，则各类商品价格的平均数为( )。

股票股利与股票分割相比，下列说法中错误的是(”)。

假设目前1年存款利率为2%，通货膨胀率为3.13%，则投资者在的投资中获得的实际利率为( )。

市政债券免税时，下面哪项不是投资人会放弃投资股票的原因()。

以下哪种情况下，不同期限(长期和短期)证券存在可替代性? ( )

假设总供给600元，消费480元，投资110元，则在该经济中( )。

关于有效市场假说，以下说法错误的是( )。

“如果其他条件不变，那么A的出现必然会导致B的变化”这是微观经济学研究手段中的哪一种? ( )

按照GDP的核算原则时，下面可以计算计入GDP的是( )。

金银复本位制中双本位制和平行本位制的区别在于? ()

为什么具体劳动不是使用价值的唯一源泉? ()

股价反映了很多信息，在市场经济中，( ) 引领了资本的流向，在资本配置中发挥主要作用。

如果出现技术创新，IS 曲线会发生怎样的变化? ( )

假设目前市场利率为7,5%，当债券发行价低于面值时，票面利率更可能是( )。

小明对自己工资的期望是每月两万元，而实际他的边际生产率远远达不到，于是他选择失业，这种情况属于( )。

市场机制对社会资源配置的缺陷是( )。

奔腾式通货膨胀率一般在( )。

在垄断存在的情况下，卖主操纵价格，赚取垄断利润，由此形成的物价上涨为哪一类型的通胀?

对 于息票债券来说，市场利率与债券价格是什么关系? ( )

项目A和B有类似的初始支出但显示现金流的分布不同，已知资本成本为10%，项目A与B的初始投资都为50万美元，项目A从第- -年到第四年每年产生20万美元的现金流，而项目B前三年不产生任何现金流，第四年产生的现金流为100万美元。算得项目A与项目B的NPV分别为13.40与18.30, IRR分别为21.86%与18.92%。如果这两个项目互斥，则应该投资哪个项目?| ( )

随着企业的成长，环境的变化，公司金融目标要与企业经营管理目标相一致，以下哪项属于公司金融的主要目标( )。

Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.

But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.

This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Of

course these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”", their languages are not.

Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.

As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.

But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked" by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.

Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better",given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become more

predictablc.

Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation won't do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success.

Which of the following sentences best fit in the blank in the second paragraph?

Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.

But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.

This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Of

course these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”", their languages are not.

Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.

As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.

But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked" by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.

Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better",given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become more

predictablc.

Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation won't do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success.

According to the passage, in which way is Berik different from the system of bigger languages, like English?

Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.

But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.

This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Of

course these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”", their languages are not.

Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.

As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.

But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked" by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.

Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better",given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become more

predictablc.

Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation won't do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success.

What is the main finding of the study conducted by Max Plank Institute?

Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.

But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.

This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Of

course these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”", their languages are not.

Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.

As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.

But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked" by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.

Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better",given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become more

predictablc.

Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation won't do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success.

Which of the following statements about the more systematic. and more idiosyncratic language is correct?

Russian really is hard for lcarners, and a casual comparison might serve the conclusion that big, prestigious languages like Russian are complex. Just look, after all, at their rich, technical vocabularies, and the complex industrial societies that they serve.

But linguists who have compared languages systematically are struck by the opposite conclusion.

This is largely because linguists, unlike laypeople, focus on grammar, not vocabulary,Consider Berik, spoken in a few villages in eastern Papua. It may not have a word for“supernova”, but it drips with complex rules: a mandatory verb ending tells what time of day the action occurred, and another indicates the size of the direet object. Of

course these things can be said in English, but Berik requires them. Remote socictics may be materially simplc;“primitive”", their languages are not.

Systematically so: a study in 2010 of thousands of tongucs found that smaller languages have more Berik-style grammatical bits and pieces attached to words. By contrast, bigger ones tend to be like English or Mandarin, in which words change their form lttle ifat all. No one knows why, but a likely culprit is the very scale and ubiquity of such widely travelled languages.

As a language spreads, more foreigners come to learn it as adults (thanks to conquest and trade, for example). Since languages are more complex than they need to be, many of those adult learners will- Stalin-style- ignore some of the niceties where they can. If those newcomers have children, the children will often learn a slightly simpler version of the language from their parents.

But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler. Merely being bigger was enough. The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen. They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds. (They“talked" by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

Over time both big and small groups got better at making themselves understood,but the bigger ones did so by crcating more systematic languages as they interacted,with fewer idiosyncrasies. The rescarchers suppose that this is because the members of the larger groups had fewer interactions with each other member, this put pressureon them to come up with clear patterns. Smaller groups could afford quirkierlanguages, because their members got to“know”cach other better.

Ncither the more systematic nor the more idiosyncratic languages were“better",given group size: the small and large groups communicated equally well. But the work provides evidence that an idiosyncratic language is best suited to a small group with rich shared history, As the language spreads, it nceds to become more

predictablc.

Taken with previous studies, the new research offers a two-part answer to why grammar rules are built- and lost. As groups grow, the need for systematic rules becomes greater, unlearnable in-group-speak with random variation won't do. But languages develop more rules than they need; as they are learned by foreign speakers joining the group. some of these get stripped away. This can explain why pairs of closely related languages - Tajik and Persian, Icelandic and Swedish, Frisian and English- differ in grammatical complexity. In each couple, the former language is both smaller and more isolated. Systematicity is required for growth. Lost complexity is the cost of foreigners learming your language. It is the price of success.

What is the author's main purpose of writing this article?

Who should qualify for minimum wage protections, sick leave or any of the other benefits typically given employees?

alformia's state Legislature is reopening that high-stakes,decades-long debate, as it prepares to vote on a proposal that would give hundreds of thousands of contract workers, such as drivers of ride haling companies, new benefits by legally relassfyig them as employees. If it passes, the state's narrower definition of "contractor" would trigger a host of other changes for companies that would then have to pay for Social Security, workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Large employers would also have to pay for health insurance. This would be a significant development in workplace law and could eventually have implications for workers and companies across the country.

The proposed change is of keen interest to a rapidly growing population of contractors like

Leonardo Diaz. For most of the past 4 years, he has made a decent living working 40 to 50 hours a week driving for the ride-hailing companies. "I love interacting with people," says the father of four, who lives in Los Angeles. But more recently, Diaz has soured on his job. He says that both ride- haling companies cut his share of payments, reducing his take home pay to only $9 an hour,after taking the cost of gas, insurance and car repairs into account. But he says the bigger problem is that he is tired of working as a contractor and misses employee health and paid leave benefits he used to recive when he worked as a valet. "We don't get any holiday pay, "Diaz says.

"If we get sick, you know, nobody's going to pay for our doctors," Contractors like Diaz make up a fast-growing part of the workforce. And any company in California using them could be affected.

The impact of the new law would reverberate beyond the state.

"Everyone is looking to California right now and they're all following it with bated breath because they recognize that likely whatever happens in California is going to sweep across the country," says Monique Ngo-Bonnici, an attorney in California. The proposal expands on a landmark California Supreme Court ruling last year that extended wage protections to more workers and narrowed the definition of "independent contractor." The. legislative proposal expands on that ruling and would give workers benefits like paid sick leave and protections under anti-discrimination laws. Ngo-Bonnici argues that the, California proposal would put big constraints on workers and companies alike. Speically, it would mean more workers will be put on shifts, which in certain municipalities must be scheduled weeks in advance . - - -giving workers far less flexibiliy, she says.

One ride-hailing company confirms it would have to revamp its operations in the state drivers are redassified as employees." We would need far fewer drivers than we currently have."says Adrian Durbin, a company spokesman. And those that remained would have a much more rigid work schedule. Durbin says those Big companies pushed California lawmakers for a middle ground that would grant independent contractors a narrower set of benefits, like minimum wage guarantees, without making them ullledged employees.

Which of the following is NOT included in the legislative proposal?

Who should qualify for minimum wage protections, sick leave or any of the other benefits typically given employees?

alformia's state Legislature is reopening that high-stakes,decades-long debate, as it prepares to vote on a proposal that would give hundreds of thousands of contract workers, such as drivers of ride haling companies, new benefits by legally relassfyig them as employees. If it passes, the state's narrower definition of "contractor" would trigger a host of other changes for companies that would then have to pay for Social Security, workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Large employers would also have to pay for health insurance. This would be a significant development in workplace law and could eventually have implications for workers and companies across the country.

The proposed change is of keen interest to a rapidly growing population of contractors like

Leonardo Diaz. For most of the past 4 years, he has made a decent living working 40 to 50 hours a week driving for the ride-hailing companies. "I love interacting with people," says the father of four, who lives in Los Angeles. But more recently, Diaz has soured on his job. He says that both ride- haling companies cut his share of payments, reducing his take home pay to only $9 an hour,after taking the cost of gas, insurance and car repairs into account. But he says the bigger problem is that he is tired of working as a contractor and misses employee health and paid leave benefits he used to recive when he worked as a valet. "We don't get any holiday pay, "Diaz says.

"If we get sick, you know, nobody's going to pay for our doctors," Contractors like Diaz make up a fast-growing part of the workforce. And any company in California using them could be affected.

The impact of the new law would reverberate beyond the state.

"Everyone is looking to California right now and they're all following it with bated breath because they recognize that likely whatever happens in California is going to sweep across the country," says Monique Ngo-Bonnici, an attorney in California. The proposal expands on a landmark California Supreme Court ruling last year that extended wage protections to more workers and narrowed the definition of "independent contractor." The. legislative proposal expands on that ruling and would give workers benefits like paid sick leave and protections under anti-discrimination laws. Ngo-Bonnici argues that the, California proposal would put big constraints on workers and companies alike. Speically, it would mean more workers will be put on shifts, which in certain municipalities must be scheduled weeks in advance . - - -giving workers far less flexibiliy, she says.

One ride-hailing company confirms it would have to revamp its operations in the state drivers are redassified as employees." We would need far fewer drivers than we currently have."says Adrian Durbin, a company spokesman. And those that remained would have a much more rigid work schedule. Durbin says those Big companies pushed California lawmakers for a middle ground that would grant independent contractors a narrower set of benefits, like minimum wage guarantees, without making them ullledged employees.

What can we know about Lconardo Daz?

Who should qualify for minimum wage protections, sick leave or any of the other benefits typically given employees?

alformia's state Legislature is reopening that high-stakes,decades-long debate, as it prepares to vote on a proposal that would give hundreds of thousands of contract workers, such as drivers of ride haling companies, new benefits by legally relassfyig them as employees. If it passes, the state's narrower definition of "contractor" would trigger a host of other changes for companies that would then have to pay for Social Security, workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Large employers would also have to pay for health insurance. This would be a significant development in workplace law and could eventually have implications for workers and companies across the country.

The proposed change is of keen interest to a rapidly growing population of contractors like

Leonardo Diaz. For most of the past 4 years, he has made a decent living working 40 to 50 hours a week driving for the ride-hailing companies. "I love interacting with people," says the father of four, who lives in Los Angeles. But more recently, Diaz has soured on his job. He says that both ride- haling companies cut his share of payments, reducing his take home pay to only $9 an hour,after taking the cost of gas, insurance and car repairs into account. But he says the bigger problem is that he is tired of working as a contractor and misses employee health and paid leave benefits he used to recive when he worked as a valet. "We don't get any holiday pay, "Diaz says.

"If we get sick, you know, nobody's going to pay for our doctors," Contractors like Diaz make up a fast-growing part of the workforce. And any company in California using them could be affected.

The impact of the new law would reverberate beyond the state.

"Everyone is looking to California right now and they're all following it with bated breath because they recognize that likely whatever happens in California is going to sweep across the country," says Monique Ngo-Bonnici, an attorney in California. The proposal expands on a landmark California Supreme Court ruling last year that extended wage protections to more workers and narrowed the definition of "independent contractor." The. legislative proposal expands on that ruling and would give workers benefits like paid sick leave and protections under anti-discrimination laws. Ngo-Bonnici argues that the, California proposal would put big constraints on workers and companies alike. Speically, it would mean more workers will be put on shifts, which in certain municipalities must be scheduled weeks in advance . - - -giving workers far less flexibiliy, she says.

One ride-hailing company confirms it would have to revamp its operations in the state drivers are redassified as employees." We would need far fewer drivers than we currently have."says Adrian Durbin, a company spokesman. And those that remained would have a much more rigid work schedule. Durbin says those Big companies pushed California lawmakers for a middle ground that would grant independent contractors a narrower set of benefits, like minimum wage guarantees, without making them ullledged employees.

What is Moniquc Ngo-Bonnicis atitude towards the legislative proposal?

Who should qualify for minimum wage protections, sick leave or any of the other benefits typically given employees?

alformia's state Legislature is reopening that high-stakes,decades-long debate, as it prepares to vote on a proposal that would give hundreds of thousands of contract workers, such as drivers of ride haling companies, new benefits by legally relassfyig them as employees. If it passes, the state's narrower definition of "contractor" would trigger a host of other changes for companies that would then have to pay for Social Security, workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Large employers would also have to pay for health insurance. This would be a significant development in workplace law and could eventually have implications for workers and companies across the country.

The proposed change is of keen interest to a rapidly growing population of contractors like

Leonardo Diaz. For most of the past 4 years, he has made a decent living working 40 to 50 hours a week driving for the ride-hailing companies. "I love interacting with people," says the father of four, who lives in Los Angeles. But more recently, Diaz has soured on his job. He says that both ride- haling companies cut his share of payments, reducing his take home pay to only $9 an hour,after taking the cost of gas, insurance and car repairs into account. But he says the bigger problem is that he is tired of working as a contractor and misses employee health and paid leave benefits he used to recive when he worked as a valet. "We don't get any holiday pay, "Diaz says.

"If we get sick, you know, nobody's going to pay for our doctors," Contractors like Diaz make up a fast-growing part of the workforce. And any company in California using them could be affected.

The impact of the new law would reverberate beyond the state.

"Everyone is looking to California right now and they're all following it with bated breath because they recognize that likely whatever happens in California is going to sweep across the country," says Monique Ngo-Bonnici, an attorney in California. The proposal expands on a landmark California Supreme Court ruling last year that extended wage protections to more workers and narrowed the definition of "independent contractor." The. legislative proposal expands on that ruling and would give workers benefits like paid sick leave and protections under anti-discrimination laws. Ngo-Bonnici argues that the, California proposal would put big constraints on workers and companies alike. Speically, it would mean more workers will be put on shifts, which in certain municipalities must be scheduled weeks in advance . - - -giving workers far less flexibiliy, she says.

One ride-hailing company confirms it would have to revamp its operations in the state drivers are redassified as employees." We would need far fewer drivers than we currently have."says Adrian Durbin, a company spokesman. And those that remained would have a much more rigid work schedule. Durbin says those Big companies pushed California lawmakers for a middle ground that would grant independent contractors a narrower set of benefits, like minimum wage guarantees, without making them ullledged employees.

What would ride-haing companies do in response to the legislative proposal!?

Who should qualify for minimum wage protections, sick leave or any of the other benefits typically given employees?

alformia's state Legislature is reopening that high-stakes,decades-long debate, as it prepares to vote on a proposal that would give hundreds of thousands of contract workers, such as drivers of ride haling companies, new benefits by legally relassfyig them as employees. If it passes, the state's narrower definition of "contractor" would trigger a host of other changes for companies that would then have to pay for Social Security, workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Large employers would also have to pay for health insurance. This would be a significant development in workplace law and could eventually have implications for workers and companies across the country.

The proposed change is of keen interest to a rapidly growing population of contractors like

Leonardo Diaz. For most of the past 4 years, he has made a decent living working 40 to 50 hours a week driving for the ride-hailing companies. "I love interacting with people," says the father of four, who lives in Los Angeles. But more recently, Diaz has soured on his job. He says that both ride- haling companies cut his share of payments, reducing his take home pay to only $9 an hour,after taking the cost of gas, insurance and car repairs into account. But he says the bigger problem is that he is tired of working as a contractor and misses employee health and paid leave benefits he used to recive when he worked as a valet. "We don't get any holiday pay, "Diaz says.

"If we get sick, you know, nobody's going to pay for our doctors," Contractors like Diaz make up a fast-growing part of the workforce. And any company in California using them could be affected.

The impact of the new law would reverberate beyond the state.

"Everyone is looking to California right now and they're all following it with bated breath because they recognize that likely whatever happens in California is going to sweep across the country," says Monique Ngo-Bonnici, an attorney in California. The proposal expands on a landmark California Supreme Court ruling last year that extended wage protections to more workers and narrowed the definition of "independent contractor." The. legislative proposal expands on that ruling and would give workers benefits like paid sick leave and protections under anti-discrimination laws. Ngo-Bonnici argues that the, California proposal would put big constraints on workers and companies alike. Speically, it would mean more workers will be put on shifts, which in certain municipalities must be scheduled weeks in advance . - - -giving workers far less flexibiliy, she says.

One ride-hailing company confirms it would have to revamp its operations in the state drivers are redassified as employees." We would need far fewer drivers than we currently have."says Adrian Durbin, a company spokesman. And those that remained would have a much more rigid work schedule. Durbin says those Big companies pushed California lawmakers for a middle ground that would grant independent contractors a narrower set of benefits, like minimum wage guarantees, without making them ullledged employees.

What can be the best title of the report?